Höfkirche Gottfried Silbermann 1755 Organ of the Cathedral in Dresden

Gottfried Silbermann 1755

BWV 565, Gottfried Silbermann, 1755, Dresden Catholic Hofkirche

G. Weinberger,  2005. (recently perfectly restored)

HISTORY

This organ has had an interesting history. From what I know, the organ was removed in 1944 due to the danger of bombings. There was a last organ concert in January, and the instrument was removed thereafter. When the instrument was taken out and moved to the cloister of St. Marienstern in Panschwitz-Kuckau, the case, bellows and framework has to remain in the church. Removal of the case was considered but not possible since the whole case was fixed into the stone wall.

During the bombing of Dresden in 1945, the church was considerably damaged by incendiary and explosive bombs. The missle nave vault and part of the outer walls collapsed. The church's interior was completely burnt out including all those parts of the organ which had been left behind.

The congregation of 12,000 shrank to 300. Of 3 formerly preserved Silbermann organs in Dresden, the evacuated parts of the Hofkirche organ turned out to be the only parts which escaped destruction.


PRESERVING THE PAST

Though trained as a carpenter, German master organ builder Gottfried Silbermann (1683-1753) felt the "inclination to organ building" from his teen years. From 1702 to 1707 he studied organ building in Strasbourg under his elder brother, Andreas. The elder Silbermann agreed to tutor his brother so long as he did not move in on his territory. Hence in 1710 Gottfried returned to Saxony where he established his reputation with an organ in Freiberg Cathedral. His contemporaries marveled at how his knowledge of acoustics and physics - and his skill in tuning and voicing the pipes - allowed him to create such a transparent and "silvery" sound. Silbermann lived in Saxony until his death. By that time he had constructed 46 organs, over 30 of which exist today. "These instruments are magnificent beyond measure," Mozart said after playing the Silbermann organ at Dresden's Höfkirche Roman Catholic Cathedral.


In 1947 it was decided to rebuild the organ, and in the following years the organ slowly took form in its original form and place. In 1963 the first part of the surviving organ returned to the Jehmlich firm shop for repairs They had only suffered water damage during their time in storage. Then in 1966 the pipework followed, and it had been preserved almost entirely with the exception of the Unda maris 8' stop, which was lost. Rebuilding and reconstruction went on until 1971.

DISPOSITION

I. Brustwerk 12 (10)

Gedackt 8
Principal 4
Rohrflöt 4
Nassat 2 2/3
Octava 2
Qvinta 1 1/3
Sufflöt 1
Sesqvialtera 4/5 rep 1 3/5
Mixtur III
Chalumeaux 8 ab g0

II. Hauptwerk 24 (15)

Principal 16
Bordun 16
Principal 8
Rohrflöt 8
Violdigamba 8
Octava 4
Spitzflöt 4
Qvinta 2 2/3
Octava 2
Tertia 1 3/5
Cornet V ab c1
Mixtur IV
Zimbeln III
Fagott 16
Trompet 8
+ Tremulant

III. Oberwerk 21 (14)

Quintadehn 16
Principal 8
Gedackt 8
Quintadehn 8
Unda maris 8 ab g0
Octava 4
Rohrflöt 4
Nassat 2 2/3
Octava 2
Tertia 1 3/5
Flaschflöt 1
Echo [Kornett] V ab c1
Mixtur IV
Vox humana 8
+ Tremulant
+ Schwebung

Pedal 13 (8)

Untersatz 32
Principal Bass 16
Octav Bass 8
Octav Bass 4
Pedalmixtur VI
Posaunen Bass 16
Trompeten Bass 8
Clarin Bass 4



3 Manuale, 70 Ranks, 47 Register
1755 erbaut von Gottfried Silbermann (gestorben 1753)
und seinen Schülern, u.a. Zacharias Hildebrandt
1861-1884 Reparatur und Höherstimmung (Abschneiden von Pfeifen)
durch Carl Eduard Jehmlich (D, Dresden)
1937 Erneute Umstimmung, Änderung der Windversorgung
und Erweiterung des Manual- und Pedalumfangs durch Jehmlich
1944 Auslagerung der Orgelteile und Pfeifen wegen Krieg, 1945
Zerstörung des Gehäuses
1971 Wiederaufbau des Gehäuses und Einbau der
ausgelagerten Teile inkl. Teilrekonstruktion der Orgelanlage durch
Gebr. Jehmlich (D, Dresden)
2002 Abschluss der Rekonstruktion durch Jehmlich
und Christian Wegscheider (D, Dresden)


When he's not working with modem porcelain pipes, Jehmlich is busy with the organs of Gottfried Silbermann, the 18th century master organ builder whose instruments were favored by the likes of Johann Sebastian Bach and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

Jehmlich's family has been repairing and restoring Silbermann's work since 1836. In contrast to the more robust-sounding organs built in northern Germany, organs constructed by Silbermann are marked by their rich overtones, silvery flutes and reedy trombones. To achieve such distinctive features requires skillful hands, eyes and ears as the builder individually shapes each of the sometimes thousands of pipes in the instrument. Organ builders meticulously cut and bend the lips of each pipe in order to achieve distinctive tones and timbres. Especially important are the dimensions of the slots near the top of the pipes; these slots determine the way the air flows through the pipes, which in turn determines the quality of the registers. Jehmlich's immediate focus is the partial restoration of Dresden's Silbermann organ, which was largely destroyed during the Allied fire bombing of the city in February 1945. Jehmlich's work includes the repair of existing parts, the lengthening of the pipes to reach the original pitch and the construction of a replica of the bellows that perished in the flames. "We put high priority on preserving the original substance," Jehmlich says. "This sometimes means that we bring historical working methods back to life."

HISTORY OF THE ORGAN

Abarca de Campos in Castile. Organ built in 1778 by Taddeo Ortega SPAIN

The reed stop heard here is just great. The organ is in Spain, in Abarca de Campos in Castile (30 inhabitants), it was built in 1778 by Taddeo Ortega. It has 1 keyboard of 45 keys, an 8-note pedalboard, and 26 registers which can be split on the keyboard in two (it can be seen here in fact). The keyboard itself is a sight. The music snippet is from a "tiento" by Correa de Arauxo, early 17th century. The organist is Francis Chapelet.